Battles

In 1223, after defeating the Rus' and Cuman/Kipchak forces at the Battle of the Kalka, the Mongol army under Generals Subutai and Jebe was sent to subjugate Volga Bulgaria. At the time, Genghis Khan's troops were considered invincible.

The Battle of Varna, fought on 10 November 1444, was an important engagement in Balkan and medieval European warfare. The source describes this as the last major crusade before the Battle of Varna.

The battle was fought between Bulgarian and Ottoman warships. Following their earlier defeats at Lozengrad, Lüleburgaz and Bunarhisar, the Ottomans tried to obtain military supplies.

The Battle of Vratsa was an operation by the Western Detachment that captured the town, which had become a centre for forming the Orhaniye Army after the third assault on Pleven. Following the failed assaults on Pleven and its encirclement, Vratsa gained operational importance.

Khan Omurtag sent an envoy to the Frankish court three times, proposing that the border between the two states be clarified, but without success. He then advanced into Frankish territory along the Drava.

In 493, Bulgars invaded Byzantine territory south of the Danube. A major fire had recently occurred in Constantinople.

Bloody Christmas, or Krvav Bozhik, was a campaign of political repression in January 1945, part of the political terror in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. People with an openly Bulgarian national identity were killed or abused without trial.

Botev's band seized the Radetzky. At about noon, as the steamer approached Kozloduy, the men put on their insurgent uniforms at their commander's signal and forced the crew at gunpoint to stop on the Bulgarian bank.

The Bregovo Incident, also called the Bregovo Crisis or Bregovo Question, was an incidental battle between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Bulgaria that caused a lasting deterioration in their relations. It concerned disagreement over which country should possess the lands around the Timok River, the natural border between the two states.

The Kingdom of Bulgaria took part in the fighting during the First World War. Its wartime involvement began on 1 October 1915, when it declared war on the Kingdom of Serbia, and lasted until 29 September 1918, when it capitulated by signing the Armistice of Salonica.

Bulgarians took part in the Austrian attack on Niš under Louis William of Baden, commander of the Austrian contingents in the Balkans. Two Bulgarian detachments led by Georgi Peyavich and Bogdan Marinov participated in the battles at Niš, Vidin, Belogradchik and Berkovitsa.

In the second half of the tenth century, the Kingdom of Croatia was ruled by King Stephen Držislav, who allied himself with Byzantium. In return, the Byzantines recognised his authority over his lands.