Bulgarian–Hungarian War of 1202–1203

In 1202, King Imre, or Emeric, of Hungary attacked Bulgarian territory and captured Belgrade, Braničevo and Niš. Niš was granted to the Serbian prince Vukan Nemanjić. In response, Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria led a campaign in 1203 and expelled the Hungarians. He restored Stefan Nemanjić to power in the Serbian principality, strengthening Bulgaria's position and limiting Hungarian influence in the region. Kaloyan also succeeded in capturing Belgrade and Braničevo, which were in the hands of his Cuman allies and the local Bulgarian population, thereby restoring Bulgarian control over these areas.

Bulgaria won the war.